Chapter 7：Government and Administration 英國政府機構(gòu)

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.

聯(lián)合王國是君主立憲制國家,國家的首腦是國王或女王。聯(lián)合王國以君的名義,由國王或女王陛下政府治理。英國的議會制度并不是基于成文憲法,英國憲法不由單一文件構(gòu)成,而由成文法,習(xí)慣法和慣例組成。司法部門裁定習(xí)慣法或解釋成文法。

I．The Monarchy

君主制

1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.

伊莉莎白二世，她的全稱是“上帝神佑，大布列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國以及她的其他領(lǐng)土和領(lǐng)地的女王，英聯(lián)邦元首，國教保護者伊莉莎白二世。”

2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.

女王是國家的象征。從法律上講，她是行政首腦，立法機構(gòu)的組成部分，司法首腦，全國武裝部隊總司令，英國教“至高無上”的領(lǐng)袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官員。對議會通過的法案給予御準(zhǔn)?br>

3.The monarch actually has no real power. The monarch’s power are limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

君主政體實際已無實權(quán)。它的權(quán)力受限于法律和議會。君主立憲制是從1688年的光榮革命后開始。