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一、解說(shuō)
1. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase "environmental law" would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers. 就在二十世紀(jì)六十年代初，甚至連許多律師接觸到“環(huán)保法”這個(gè)詞兒，大半也只會(huì)感到納悶而已。
    “as recently as”不同于“as early as”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)句中描述的事情距離現(xiàn)在很近，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的遙遠(yuǎn)，所以譯作“就在…”，而不是“早在…”說(shuō)明事情變化得很快。當(dāng)初大家對(duì)“環(huán)保法”還非常陌生，而現(xiàn)在已成為人們關(guān)注的話題。
    “the phrase "environmental law" would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers”這句話的字面意思是：“環(huán)保法”這個(gè)詞兒或許只給人們甚至于大多數(shù)律師帶來(lái)迷惑的神色。“某個(gè)詞給人們帶來(lái)某種神色”這樣的表述不符合漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，故把“許多律師”提上來(lái)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就選用“感到”，這樣的主謂搭配比較符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，也符合句意。

2. There were, of course, numerous state and some federal laws intended to protect America's rivers and streams from excessive industrial pollution and to guard wildlife from the de前一單元dations of man.當(dāng)然，已經(jīng)有了各市地多州法和一些聯(lián)邦法，其立法意圖是保護(hù)美國(guó)的江河，使之免受過(guò)分的工業(yè)污染并保護(hù)野生生物不受人類的掠奪。
    “intended to protect America's rivers and streams from excessive industrial pollution and to guard wildlife from the de前一單元dations of man”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)修飾“l(fā)aws”。遇到這樣長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)常常要用斷句的方法來(lái)翻譯，這里譯作“其立法意圖是…”，把原來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞，再找一個(gè)動(dòng)詞“是”來(lái)搭配，構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。
    “protect ...from...”和“guard ...from ...”同義，均為“保護(hù)…免遭…”。

3. With enforcement power dispersed among many federal, state and local agencies, most of which were seriously undermanned, and with noncompliance penalties so slight as to have little more than harassment value, there were few incentives to obey the laws. 由于執(zhí)法的權(quán)力分散在許許多多的聯(lián)邦、州和地方等三級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)（而這些機(jī)關(guān)大多人手嚴(yán)重不足），也由于因違法而科處的罰款微不足道（從而只有惱人心煩的意義），人們就缺乏服從法律的勁頭了。
    句中的兩個(gè)“with”表示原因，相當(dāng)于“because of”，故譯作“由于”和“也由于”，使兩個(gè)分句平穩(wěn)地連接。
    “dispersed”是過(guò)去分詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但在譯文中已轉(zhuǎn)換成該分句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
    “there were few incentives to obey the laws”要保持原有結(jié)構(gòu)也很難，故加了主語(yǔ)“人們”和謂語(yǔ)“缺乏”。

4. Indeed, many environmental statutes were so little publicized and so vaguely worded that their existence was hardly known and their meaning was scarcely understood. 說(shuō)真的，許多環(huán)境法的宣傳工作之薄弱與措詞之含糊，使人簡(jiǎn)直不知道有環(huán)境法，而環(huán)境法的意義也就無(wú)人了解了。
     在法律文章中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用得比較多，在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣作適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。此句中的“their existence was hardly known and their meaning was scarcely understood”便是一例。

5. A powerful indictment of America's disregard of ecology, Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides, especially DDT. 《沉默的春天》有力地控訴了美國(guó)之忽視生態(tài)，它主要是針對(duì)大規(guī)模使用農(nóng)藥——特別是滴滴涕。
    “A powerful indictment of America's disregard of ecology”就是指后面的“Silent Spring”，故“《沉默的春天》”提前譯出，做主語(yǔ)，然后把原來(lái)的名詞“indictment” 處理成動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)，原來(lái)修飾名詞的形容詞在譯文中就成了修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞了。
    因?yàn)椤癝ilent Spring”已拿到前面作主語(yǔ)去了，所以后一分句就用“它”來(lái)指代。

6. In 1965 a court action took place that ranks in environmental importance with the publication of Silent Spring. 1965年又發(fā)生了一件訴訟，其對(duì)環(huán)境之重要意義，不亞于《沉默的春天》之出版。
    “that ranks in environmental importance with the publication of Silent Spring”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，譯文采用了斷句手法，后一分句用一個(gè)“其”字來(lái)指代前面提到的“一件訴訟”。

7. That was the reversal by a court of appeals of a Federal Power Commission decision to grant a license for a Consolidated Edison power plant at Storm King Mountain on the Hudson River in New York. 某上訴法院駁回了聯(lián)邦電力委員會(huì)關(guān)于向紐約哈得遜河畔施多姆金山愛(ài)迪生聯(lián)合發(fā)電廠頒發(fā)許可證的決定。
    句首的“that”指前一句是的訴訟。為了連貫和避免重復(fù)，前一句末用了冒號(hào)引出這一訴訟的內(nèi)容。
    把原來(lái)“by”后面的名詞短語(yǔ)處理成主語(yǔ)，整個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就譯成了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，之比較符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式。
    另外，原句中“decision”的修飾語(yǔ)在譯文中仍處理成修飾語(yǔ)，而且意思表達(dá)得很清楚，這是很不容易的。

8. The court ordered new proceedings that were to "include as a basic concern the 前一單元servation of natural beauty and of national historic shrines." 該法院命重新處理該案并“以保護(hù)自然美和歷史名勝為基本注意事項(xiàng)”。
    本句中的修飾語(yǔ)“that were to 'include as a basic concern the 前一單元servation of natural beauty and of national historic shrines.'”就難以保持原來(lái)的位置，為了通順，被處理成一個(gè)分句。